ISSN: 1570-1794
Hot Topic
Green and Sustainable Chemistry
Guest Editor: Béla Török
Editorial Pp. 145
Green Recyclable Supported-Metal Catalyst for Useful Organic Transformations Pp. 146-171
Brindaban C. Ranu, Sukalyan Bhadra and Debasree Saha
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Sustainable Heck Chemistry with New Palladium Catalysts Pp. 172-186
Árpád Molnár
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Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenations as an Environmentally Benign Tool for Organic Synthesis Pp. 187-207
Aditya Kulkarni and Béla Török
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Polymer-Supported Acid Catalysis in Organic Synthesis Pp. 208-236
Ying Chang and Chulsung Bae
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Microwave-Assisted Heterogeneous Catalysis: An Environmentally Benign Tool for Contemporary Organic Synthesis Pp. 237-261
Seema Bag, Sujaya Dasgupta and Béla Török
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Steps Toward Green Peptide Synthesis Pp. 262-280
Silpi Datta, Abha Sood and Marianna Török
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Biomimetic Transamination – a Metal-Free Alternative to the Reductive Amination. Application for Generalized Preparation of Fluorine-Containing Amines and Amino Acids Pp. 281-294
Jianlin Han, Alexander E. Sorochinsky, Taizo Ono and Vadim A. Soloshonok
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Microwave-Assisted Fluorous Multicomponent Reactions – A Combinatorial Chemistry Approach for Green Organic Synthesis Pp. 295-309
Asha Kadam, Zijuan Zhang and Wei Zhang
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Self-Disproportionation of Enantiomers via Sublimation; New and Truly Green Dimension in Optical Purification Pp. 310-317
Jianlin Han, Donna J. Nelson, Alexander E. Sorochinsky and Vadim A. Soloshonok
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Abstracts
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Green Recyclable Supported-Metal Catalyst for Useful Organic Transformations
Brindaban C. Ranu, Sukalyan Bhadra and Debasree Saha
One of the major challenges confronted by modern chemists is the development of sustainable chemistry to maintain environmental chastity. With this perspective in mind, heterogeneous organometallic chemistry has been intensively investigated in recent times. The advantages offered by the heterogeneous catalysts are ease of separation of product, reusability of the catalyst, improved efficiency, eco-compatibility and economic feasibility.
This review focuses on the application of heterogeneous catalysis in different synthetic approaches. The review consists of six units namely, palladium mediated reactions, copper mediated reactions, ruthenium mediated reactions, rhodium mediated reactions, multimetallic catalytic systems and supported catalysts for asymmetric transformations, which cover almost all sorts of latest developments in organic transformations promoted by immobilized transition metal catalysts. The discussion not only involves the illustration of efficiency and reusability but also highlights the scope and limitations associated with the supported catalytic systems from a green chemistry standpoint.
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Sustainable Heck Chemistry with New Palladium Catalysts
Árpád Molnár
This review discusses the results of the application of efficient and recyclable palladium catalysts providing highly selective product formation in the Heck reaction. Such green approach promises to result in new catalysts with properties similar to those of homogeneous palladium complexes and environmentally benign protocols. The review focuses on new, exciting results disclosed during the last 5 years.
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Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenations as an Environmentally Benign Tool for Organic Synthesis
Aditya Kulkarni and Béla Török
Recent advances in the development of heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation reactions are reviewed. The work includes two chapters, highlighting the major types of commercially available solid hydrogenation catalysts and the discussion of recent results related to the hydrogenation of major functional group types. Efforts have also been made to summarize contemporary results in microwave- and ultrasound-assisted hydrogenations.
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Polymer-Supported Acid Catalysis in Organic Synthesis
Ying Chang and Chulsung Bae
This paper reviews recent advances in polymer-supported acid catalysts and their applications in organic synthesis. The discussion is mainly divided into the polymer-supported Brönsted acids and Lewis acids and subdivided by the nature of the reactions. In the former section, organic reactions catalyzed by polymer Brönsted acids, such as polymers functionalized with sulfonic acid (e.g., Friedel-Craft reactions, etherification, esterification, aldol reaction, multicomponent reaction, isomerization/oligomerization of alkenes, hydration of alkene/dehydration of alcohols, protection/deprotection of alcohols, etc) are discussed. Specific emphasis is placed on esterification for biodiesel production. In the latter section, organic reactions catalyzed by polymer Lewis acid (e.g., Diels-Alder reaction, aldol reaction, Michael reaction, addition reaction to carbonyl group, etc) are discussed. Because of convenient access to diverse ranges of polymer support structures and importance of acid-catalyzed organic reactions in organic synthesis, these polymer-supported acid-catalyzed reactions will continue to play critical roles in environmentally friendly organic synthesis and combinatorial library development.
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Microwave-Assisted Heterogeneous Catalysis: An Environmentally Benign Tool for Contemporary Organic Synthesis Pp. 237-261
Seema Bag, Sujaya Dasgupta and Béla Török
Recent advances in the development of environmentally benign heterogeneous catalytic microwave-assisted synthetic reactions are reviewed. The work includes two main chapters, highlighting acid and metal-catalyzed reactions. The literature data are summarized based on the chemical nature of reaction types, such as condensations, protection-deprotection, rearrangements, cyclizations, couplings etc.
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Steps Toward Green Peptide Synthesis
Silpi Datta, Abha Sood and Marianna Török
Peptides have numerous application possibilities in chemistry, biology, medicine, and pharmaceutical and materials sciences. Their traditional synthesis, however, usually poses major environmental problems. The goal of this review is to evaluate classic and contemporary methods and highlight efforts toward environmentally benign synthesis of peptides.
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Biomimetic Transamination – a Metal-Free Alternative to the Reductive Amination. Application for Generalized Preparation of Fluorine-Containing Amines and Amino Acids Pp. 281-294
Jianlin Han, Alexander E. Sorochinsky, Taizo Ono and Vadim A. Soloshonok
The biomimetic transamination of fluorinated carbonyl compounds, represent the most methodologically concise and generalized approach to the family of fluorine-containing amines and amino acids. Such amino compounds are of critical importance in the medicinal, bioorganic, biochemistry research and pharmaceutical industry. This review summarizes all of the synthetically and methodologically important achievements in the field published to date. The review consists of two major parts summarizing the literature methods on biomimetic transamination of fluorine-free carbonyl compounds and the authors’ own results on the application of this bio-inspired approach to fluorinated derivatives. Discussion on each particular method includes synthetic opportunities, limitations, practicality and efficiency of the synthetic procedures.
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Microwave-Assisted Fluorous Multicomponent Reactions – A Combinatorial Chemistry Approach for Green Organic Synthesis Pp. 295-309
Asha Kadam, Zijuan Zhang and Wei Zhang
The development of combinatorial chemistry has significantly improved the efficiency of compound library synthesis for high-throughput screening. This technology could also be used to address the green chemistry concerns in organic synthesis. The combination of microwave reactions, multicomponent reactions, and fluorous separations to synthesize organic compounds described in this paper have demonstrated the advantages of energy efficiency, atom economy, easy purification, and reduced amount of waste solvents.
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Self-Disproportionation of Enantiomers via Sublimation; New and Truly Green Dimension in Optical Purification Pp. 310-317
Jianlin Han, Donna J. Nelson, Alexander E. Sorochinsky and Vadim A. Soloshonok
This Review article presents all available in the literature data on optical purification of enantiomerically enriched organic compounds via simple procedure of sublimation. The material is arranged in a chronological order from early publications to current research. Relatively small amount of the results reported in the literature suggest that this area of research is still in its infancy it terms of commonly accepted experimental procedures, generalizations, interpretation or prediction of the stereochemical outcome of sublimation. On the other hand, the available data clearly show the potential of sublimation as most economical and greener alternative to the conventional optical purification techniques such as chromatography on chiral stationary phase or fractional crystallization. Another important goal of this Review is to bring to the attention of scientific community a warning that special care should always be taken in evaluation of the stereochemical outcome of enantioselective reactions. Thus, due to the always different sublimation rates of racemic and enantiomerically pure crystals, such a routine procedure as drying reaction products in vacuum or even removal of solvents under reduced pressure can significantly alter the true enantiomeric composition (% ee) of a compound under study and lead to erroneous results.